这节我们主要了解使用EF Core向数据库中插入数据,同时EF Core可以单条插入也可以批量,插入数据时我们需要将实体的EntityState值设为"Added"状态
EntityState枚举类型是用来存储实体状态,该枚举定义了下面5个值(Added,Deleted,Detached,Modified & Unchanged),当我们想要在数据库中创建一条新的记录时,EntityState值是Added,这将告诉EF Core我们将要插入记录,类似的如果我们想要更新一个实体时,EntityState值是Modified,删除实体时状态为Deleted,Unchanged状态表示实体没有任何改变,EF Core 会跟踪实体的变化,而Detached表示EF Core 没有启用实体跟踪
public class Department
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public ICollection<Employee> Employee { get; set; }
}
public class Employee
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public int DepartmentId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Designation { get; set; }
public Department Department { get; set; }
}
public ICollection Employee { get; set;}
是一个拥有Employee实体集合的导航属性,Employee类Department属性
public Department Department { get; set; }
这个导航属性引用了关联的Department实体
在应用程序的Models 文件夹下创建EF Core的DBContext 我们命名为CompanyContext.cs,这个类定义了两个实体Department和Employee
public class CompanyContext : DbContext
{
public CompanyContext(DbContextOptions<CompanyContext> options) : base(options)
{
}
public DbSet<Department> Department { get; set; }
public DbSet<Employee> Employee { get; set; }
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
}
}
我们在启动文件中注册DbContext服务
builder.Services.AddDbContext<CompanyContext>(options =>
options.UseSqlServer(builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));
下面的例子给出了链接字符串
{
"ConnectionStrings": {
"DefaultConnection": "Data Source=(localdb)\\MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog=EFCoreInsertRecords;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"
}
}
3 向数据库中插入单挑数据
var dept = new Department()
{
Name = "Designing"
};
context.Entry(dept).State = EntityState.Added;
context.SaveChanges();
我们创建了一个新的Department类的对象,并且设置EntityState状态Added,调用DbContext.SaveChanges()方法将会向Department表中插入一条数据,context变量是数据库的上下文对象,可以通过依赖注入从Controller中获取该对象,代码如下:
public class DepartmentController : Controller
{
private CompanyContext context;
public DepartmentController(CompanyContext cc)
{
context = cc;
}
//... action methods creating record
public IActionResult Create()
{
var dept = new Department()
{
Name = "Designing"
};
context.Entry(dept).State = EntityState.Added;
context.SaveChanges();
}
}
下面图片显示了最近创建的数据
var dept = new Department()
{
Name = "Designing"
};
context.Add(dept);
context.SaveChanges();
4 使用SaveChangesAsync()异步方法
var dept = new Department()
{
Name = "Designing"
};
context.Add(dept);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
5 TryUpdateModelAsync
var emptyEmployee = new Employee();
if (await TryUpdateModelAsync<Employee>(emptyEmployee, "", s => s.Name, s => s.DepartmentId, s => s.Designation))
{
context.Employee.Add(emptyEmployee);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
var dept1 = new Department() { Name = "Development" };
var dept2 = new Department() { Name = "HR" };
var dept3 = new Department() { Name = "Marketing" };
context.AddRange(dept1, dept2, dept3);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
var dept1 = new Department() { Name = "Development" };
var dept2 = new Department() { Name = "HR" };
var dept3 = new Department() { Name = "Marketing" };
var deps = new List<Department>() { dept1, dept2, dept3 };
context.AddRange(deps);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
7 EF Core 插入关联数据
Department & Employee 表是一对多的关系,现在我们向每张表中插入新纪录(Department & Employee)
var dept = new Department()
{
Name = "Admin"
};
var emp = new Employee()
{
Name = "Matt",
Designation = "Head",
Department = dept
};
context.Add(emp);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
检查数据库发现两条记录在他们各自的表中
使用EF Core 实现CRUD操作,我们先做一个新增数据功能针对Department实体类,在Controllers文件夹中创建DepartmentController.cs 类并添加Create方法,该方法从View提交的表单中获取一个新的Department
代码如下:
using EFCoreExample.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
namespace EFCoreExample.Controllers
{
public class DepartmentController : Controller
{
private CompanyContext context;
public DepartmentController(CompanyContext cc)
{
context = cc;
}
public IActionResult Create()
{
return View();
}
[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Create(Department dept)
{
context.Add(dept);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
return View();
}
}
}
通过依赖注入从Controller中获取DbContext对象并且使用它新增数据
@{
ViewData["Title"] = "Create Department";
}
@model Department
<form class="form-horizontal" role="form" method="post">
<div class="mb-3 row">
<label asp-for="Name" class="col-sm-1 control-label"></label>
<div class="col-sm-11">
<input asp-for="Name" class="form-control" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3 row">
<div class="col-sm-11 offset-sm-1">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">保存</button>
<button asp-action="Index" class="btn btn-secondary">
返回
</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
/Department/Create,我们将看到department表单
输入部门名称并点击保持创建一条新的记录
using EFCoreExample.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Rendering;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
namespace EFCoreExample.Controllers
{
public class EmployeeController : Controller
{
private CompanyContext context;
public EmployeeController(CompanyContext cc)
{
context = cc;
}
public IActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
public IActionResult Create()
{
List<SelectListItem> dept = new List<SelectListItem>();
dept = context.Department.Select(x => new SelectListItem { Text = x.Name, Value = x.Id.ToString() }).ToList();
ViewBag.Department = dept;
return View();
}
[ ]
public async Task<IActionResult> Create(Employee emp)
{
context.Add(emp);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
}
}
department和employee是一对多的关系,因此我们需要为每个员工插入一个department
List<SelectListItem> dept = new List<SelectListItem>();
dept = context.Department.Select(x => new SelectListItem { Text = x.Name, Value = x.Id.ToString() }).ToList();
ViewBag.Department = dept;
在View中我们读取Viewbag值并且展示在HTML的选择控件中,Create方法中也使用TryUpdateModelAsync方法,使用下面的代码替换原有的post版本Create方法
[HttpPost]
[ActionName("Create")]
public async Task<IActionResult> Create_Post()
{
var emptyEmployee = new Employee();
if (await TryUpdateModelAsync<Employee>(emptyEmployee, "", s => s.Name, s => s.DepartmentId, s => s.Designation))
{
context.Employee.Add(emptyEmployee);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
return View();
}
s => s.Name, s => s.DepartmentId, s => s.Designation
当razor表单被提交时通过模型绑定绑定employee的值,我们检查TryUpdateModelAsync 是否返回true,通过lambda表达式给emptyEmployee对象赋值,我们将emptyEmployee记录添加到context中,调用EF Core的SaveChangesAsync 方法将数据插入到数据库中
context.SaveChangesAsync();
@{
ViewData["Title"] = "Create Employee";
}
@model Employee
<form method="post">
<div class="mb-3 row">
<label asp-for="Name" class="col-sm-1 control-label"></label>
<div class="col-sm-11">
<input asp-for="Name" class="form-control" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3 row">
<label asp-for="Department" class="col-sm-1 control-label"></label>
<div class="col-sm-11">
<select asp-for="DepartmentId" asp-items="ViewBag.Department" class="form-control"></select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3 row">
<label asp-for="Designation" class="col-sm-1 control-label"></label>
<div class="col-sm-11">
<input asp-for="Designation" class="form-control" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3 row">
<div class="col-sm-11 offset-sm-1">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">保存</button>
<button asp-action="Index" class="btn btn-secondary">
返回
</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
使用下面代码显示所有部门:
<select asp-for="DepartmentId" asp-items="ViewBag.Department" class="form-control"></select>
运行应用程序并在浏览器中输入https://localhost:7018/
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