电动工具:电钻和冲击钻，冲击驱动器与冲击扳手

电动工具：电钻和冲击钻，冲击驱动器与冲击扳手

电钻与冲击钻

BPM是Beat Per Minute的简称，中文名为拍子数，释义为每分钟节拍数的单位。

What is a power drill used for?

A drill is a power tool that uses a rotating drill bit. It is used to create holes in various materials, such as wood, metal, and plastic. Drills are commonly used in construction and carpentry work, as well as in plumbing and electrical work.

电钻是用来做什么的？

钻头是一种使用旋转钻头的电动工具。它用于在各种材料（例如木材、金属和塑料）上打孔。钻头通常用于建筑和木工工作，以及管道和电气工作。

What is the difference between a power drill and an impact drill?

The most obvious difference between an impact driver and drill is that an impact driver is designed to drive fasteners, while the drill is designed to bore holes. However, some drills also have a screwdriver function. There are some pros to having a combined drill and driver.

电钻和冲击钻有什么区别？

冲击起子和钻头之间最明显的区别是，冲击起子设计用于驱动紧固件，而钻头设计用于钻孔。不过，有些钻头还具有螺丝刀功能。组合钻机和起子有一些优点。

冲击起子到底是什么？它有何用途？

冲击起子是一种紧凑型工具，非常适合承包和建筑行业的低扭矩任务，尤其是在狭小空间内进行紧固工作。

它们比钻头更牢固地抓住紧固件头，从而减少磨损，并且它们的高速度可以快速高效地完成工作。与钻头相比，它们的内部机制为操作员带来更顺畅、更舒适的体验，而且它们的小尺寸和重量进一步提高了它们的可用性。

Just what is an impact driver, and what is it for?

Impact drivers are compact tools that are great for low-torque tasks in the contracting and construction industries, especially fastening work in tight spaces. They grip fastener heads more securely than drills do, resulting in fewer stripped heads, and their high speeds allow quick, efficient work. Their internal mechanism produces a smoother, more comfortable experience for the operator than with drills, and their small size and weight further enhance their usability.

冲击工具使用小型电动机驱动旋转锤砧机构。每秒锤子多次向前撞击砧座（发出独特的快速锤击声），砧座略微反弹。与电钻相比，这产生了更平滑、更可控的螺丝拧入效果，因为电钻中的电动机直接驱动钻头。

Impact tools function using a small electric motor that drives a rotational hammer-and-anvil mechanism. Many times per second, the hammer strikes the anvil forward (making the distinctive rapid hammering sound) and the anvil slightly bounces back. This produces a smoother, more controlled screwdriving effect than seen in drills, where the electric motor directly drives the bit.

冲击起子很容易与冲击扳手混淆，冲击扳手是使用相同类型机制的更高扭矩的电动工具。

Impact drivers can be easily confused for impact wrenches, which are higher-torque power tools using the same type of mechanism.

本指南将概述冲击起子的独特功能、应用和优势。

This guide will outline impact drivers’ unique features, applications, and advantages.

冲击驱动器与冲击扳手

具体来说，冲击起子是什么？它们与冲击扳手有何不同？

Impact Drivers vs. Impact Wrenches

So, specifically, what are impact drivers and how do they differ from impact wrenches?

简而言之，冲击起子是用来替代螺丝刀的电动工具，而冲击扳手是用来替代扳手或扳手的。

冲击起子非常适合需要安装许多螺钉的工业装配任务，例如木工、地板、屋顶或围栏。这些工具特别擅长拧较长的紧固件，例如7厘米螺钉。您也可以使用冲击起子进行钻孔，前提是您使用正确类型的钻头并确保该工具可以处理钻孔材料。

In the simplest terms, impact drivers are power tools meant to replace a screwdriver, and impact wrenches are for replacing a wrench or spanner. Impact drivers are great for industrial assembly tasks that have many screws to install, like woodworking, flooring, roofing, or fencing. These tools particularly excel at driving longer fasteners, such as 7cm screws. You can also use an impact driver for drilling provided you use the right type of bits and ensure the tool can handle the drilled material.

当您在重型应用中（如汽车或工业箱体）使用六角螺母和螺栓时，请使用冲击扳手。冲击起子扭矩不足以完成这项工作，因此请务必选择适合该工作的电动工具。

Turn to impact wrenches when you’re working with hex nuts and bolts in heavier-duty applications, like automotive or industrial cases. Impact driver torque is insufficient for that work, so always select the right power tool for the job.

扳手或扳钳是一种工具，用于提供抓握力和机械优势，以施加扭矩来转动物体（通常是旋转紧固件，例如螺母和螺栓）或阻止它们转动。一组公制扳手或扳钳，一端开口，另一端为盒式/环形。这些通常被称为“组合”扳手。

A wrench or spanner is a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn objects—usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts—or keep them from turning. A set of metric spanners or wrenches, open at one end and box/ring at the other. These are commonly known as “combination” spanners.

冲击起子和冲击扳手的技术差异通常在于它们的驱动、速度和扭矩。

Impact driver vs. impact wrench technical differences generally come down to their drive, speed, and torque.

驱动器大小

冲击起子很容易通过其驱动类型来识别。它们使用1/4英寸六角夹头，用于接收带有1/4英寸六角柄钻头的钻头。因此，冲击起子无法处理标准圆柱钻头。

冲击起子头可连接任何类型的螺丝头：开槽、方头、十字头等。

Drive Size

Impact drivers are easy to spot by their drive type. They use a 1/4-inch hex collet, which is meant for accepting bits with 1/4-inch hex-shank bits. For this reason, impact drivers cannot handle standard cylindrical drill bits.

Impact driver bits connect to screws of any type of head: slotted, square, Phillips, and others.

如果您使用冲击起子进行钻孔，则需要特殊的六角柄钻头，并且它们需要具有一定的冲击等级以防止断裂。

If you’re using an impact driver for drilling, you’ll need special hex-shank drill bits, and they’ll need an impact rating to prevent breaking.

另一方面，冲击扳手使用方形驱动装置，用于套筒，进而驱动螺栓头或螺母。驱动装置尺寸通常为 1/2英寸，但也有其他尺寸的冲击扳手。

存在用于将冲击驱动器转换为有效的冲击扳手的适配器，反之亦然，但这通常不是最好的选择，因为工具的速度和扭矩差异仍然存在；每个工具仍然可能不适合另一个工具的应用。

Impact wrenches, on the other hand, use square drives meant for sockets, which in turn drive bolt heads or nuts. The drive size is usually 1/2-inch, but impact wrenches with other sizes are available too.

Adapters exist for converting impact drivers into effective impact wrenches and vice versa, but this usually isn’t the best choice since the tools’ speed and torque differences would remain; each could still be unsuited for the other’s applications.

工具速度

冲击起子通常比冲击扳手速度更快。速度是指钻头的转速。冲击起子的速度为2500至3500rpm，而冲击扳手的最高速度往往为2500rpm。不过，每种类型的某些工具超出了这些范围，以用于更多应用。

Tool Speed

Impact drivers are generally higher-speed tools than impact wrenches. Speed refers to how fast the bit spins in rpm. Impact drivers come in speeds of 2500 to 3500 rpm while impact wrenches tend to max out at 2500 rpm. Some tools of each type fall outside these ranges, though, to serve even more applications.

冲击驱动器的速度范围使其成为长紧固件或包含许多小型低扭矩紧固件的项目的良好选择。更高的速度等级意味着您可以更快地完成这项工作，同时使用舒适、轻便的工具保持控制。

Their speed range makes impact drivers good choices for fasteners with long lengths or projects that have many small, low-torque fasteners. A higher speed rating means you can do this work more quickly, all while staying in control with a comfortable, lightweight tool.

输出扭矩

冲击起子的速度等级越高，扭矩（旋转力）就越大。通常，冲击起子扭矩等级为50至350N.m，但冲击扳手可以承受超过1,600N.m 的扭矩。不过，这两种等级都非常适合其工具的应用，因为紧固件的冲击起子手柄通常较小且扭矩较低——而使用扭矩较高的工具来拧紧这些紧固件可能会导致螺纹脱落。

Output Torque

The higher speed ratings of impact drivers come at the cost of torque (rotational force). Typically, impact driver torque ratings range from 50 to 350 Nm, but impact wrenches can handle well past 1,600 Nm. These ratings are both well suited for their tools’ applications, though, since the fasteners' impact drivers handle are usually small and low-torque — and using a higher-torque tool on those fasteners could lead to stripped threads.

请注意，冲击工具通常具有单独的紧固和松开扭矩额定值。松开顽固的紧固件需要更大的扭矩，因为需要克服摩擦力，而这些工具就是为此而设计的。

Note that impact tools often have separate fastening and releasing torque ratings. Loosening stubborn fasteners takes more torque due to the friction to overcome, and these tools are built for that.

冲击工具应用

由于冲击起子、冲击扳手和钻头看起来非常相似，人们很容易用其中一种来代替其他。但这可能会损坏工具、钻头或工件，也可能造成安全隐患。

Impact Tool Applications

With impact drivers, impact wrenches, and drills looking so similar it can be tempting to use one in place of the others. This risks damaging the tool, bit, or workpiece, and can also be a safety hazard.

为了确保您正确地完成工作并且不受伤害，请了解哪些应用最适合冲击驱动器以及哪些应用需要其他工具。

To make sure you do the job right and without harm, understand which applications are best for impact drivers and which ones require other tools.

何时使用冲击驱动器

负责将材料连接在一起的承包商和建筑工人会遇到许多使用冲击起子的例子。这些任务通常需要小型、大量、低扭矩的紧固件，因此更适合使用轻型工具（与冲击扳手相比，冲击起子就是轻型工具）。冲击起子还非常适合连接厚材料，因为它们可以快速将长螺钉拧入其中，而无需先钻导向孔。

When to Use Impact Drivers

Contractors and construction workers who deal with joining materials together come across many examples of when to use an impact driver. These tasks often have small, numerous, low-torque fasteners and the work is better suited for lightweight tools (which impact drivers are, compared to impact wrenches). Impact drivers are also great for joining thick materials since they can quickly drive long screws into them without needing pilot holes drilled first.

冲击驱动器的一些用途包括：

屋顶和地板，前提是材料适合冲击驱动器钻头和扭矩

建造橱柜和搁架

木工，例如建造后院露台或围栏

安装照明或管道设备

将螺丝钉拧入干式墙

Some of these impact driver uses include:

Roofing and flooring, provided the materials are suited for impact driver bits and torque

Building cabinets and shelving

Woodworking, such as building backyard patios or fences

Installing lighting or plumbing fixtures

Driving screws into drywall

请记住，如果您打算使用冲击起子进行钻孔（例如木工），则需要冲击级六角柄钻头。还请记住，冲击起子的锤击扭矩较大，更适合在金属或木材等较硬的材料上钻更大的孔。

Remember that if you plan to use an impact driver for drilling, such as in woodworking, you’ll need impact-rated hex-shank drill bits. Also keep in mind that the higher, hammering torques of impact drivers make them better suited for drilling larger holes in harder materials like metal or wood.

何时不应使用冲击起子

那么什么时候不适合使用冲击起子呢？让我们来看看哪些情况下冲击扳手或专用钻头更合适。

When Not to Use Impact Drivers

How about when not to use an impact driver? Let’s go through some cases where an impact wrench or a dedicated drill would be more suitable.

冲击起子与冲击扳手：

大多数重型机械都配有六角螺母、螺栓和内六角螺钉。这些工具可能与冲击起子钻头不兼容，并且所需的扭矩通常超出这些工具的范围。

如果您在工业或汽车环境中工作，冲击扳手将是您的首选电动工具。

Impact driver vs. impact wrench:

Most heavy-duty machinery goes together with hex nuts, bolts, and socket head cap screws. These can be incompatible with impact driver bits, and their required torque is often beyond those tools’ ranges. If you’re working in industrial or automotive settings, impact wrenches will be your power tool of choice

冲击驱动器与钻头：

如果您没有合适的钻头或材料太软，请勿使用冲击驱动器进行钻孔。并非所有六角柄钻头都具有冲击额定值，冲击驱动器会使没有该额定值的钻头破碎。

另外，还要考虑钻孔材料。如果孔很小或材料很软，例如石膏板或较软的木材，则标准钻头是更好的选择。

Impact driver vs. drill:

Don’t use your impact driver for drilling if you don’t have the right bits or if the material is too soft. Not all hex-shank bits are impact-rated, and impact drivers can make bits lacking that rating shatter. Also, consider the drilled material. A standard drill is a better choice if the holes are small or the material is soft, as in drywall or softer woods.

此外，对于非常小或很短的紧固件，请使用钻头，因为冲击驱动器可能会损坏它们。

Additionally, use a drill for very small or short fasteners, since an impact driver may damage them.

冲击驱动器选项

选择冲击驱动器时，请考虑以下选项：

最大紧固和释放扭矩（以牛顿米 (Nm) 为单位）表示工具可以提供多少旋转力。

Impact Driver Options

When selecting an impact driver, consider the following options:

Maximum fastening and releasing torques in Newton-metres (Nm) indicate how much rotational force the tool can deliver.

转速（rpm），这直接决定了螺钉拧入螺纹的速度，从而决定了您使用此工具的工作效率。

电池容量（安培小时 (Ah)）

Speed in revolutions per minute (rpm), which directly determines how fast screws can go into their threads, and thus your rate of work with this tool.

Battery capacity in amp-hours (Ah)

冲击率，以每分钟次数 (bpm) 表示，即工具产生旋转冲击的速度。

重量（以千克 (kg) 为单位），并不代表性能，而是工具使用的舒适度。

Impact rate in beats per minute (bpm), which is how fast the tool will deliver rotational impacts.

Weight in kilograms (kg), which isn’t indicative of performance, but rather how comfortable the tool will be to use.

我们还备有冲击螺丝刀，这是一种小型冲击螺丝刀，采用标准螺丝刀的形式。它们不是电动工具，而是用锤子敲击以触发弹簧式冲击驱动效果。这可以让您以更少的体力获得更大的扭矩，让您轻松松开卡住的小螺丝。

We also stock impact screwdrivers, which are smaller-scale impact drivers that take the form of standard screwdrivers. These are not power tools, rather, they’re meant to be hit with a hammer to trigger a spring-loaded impact drive effect. This gives you more torque for less physical effort, letting you easily loosen small, stuck screws.