SAFETY PROCEDURE OF ELEVATED CONSTRUCTION
高空施工安全程序（中英文对照）
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Index 目录
1. Introduction 引言
2. Purpose 目的
3. Procedure 程序
4. Release of Lifting Devices
起吊设备的释放
5. Man Riding in Skips and Cradles
吊桶和吊篮的使用
6. Work from Scaffolds
脚手架作业
7. Rope Access
绳索的使用
8. Roof Work
屋顶/顶部作业
9. Individual Responsibility
个人职责
10. Fall Arrest
坠落防护
11. Definitions 定义
12. Procedure 程序
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部分章节示例如下：
4. Release of Lifting Devices 起吊设备的释放
The safety of persons working at heights who may be involved in releasing lifting devices shall be taken into account in every lifting operation as required. A safe place from which to release the load, and safe access to it, shall be provided.
在每次起吊作业中，都必须考虑释放起吊设备的高空作业人员的安全。应提供一个释放载重物的安全工作场所及安全的通道。
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The following points must be considered: 必须考虑以下因素：
? Locating releasing points near existing safe positions, such as near the ends of the work piece (possibly a lifting beam would assist).
将释放点设置在现有安全位置附近，如，靠近工件的末端（可以借助于吊梁）。
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? Remove/release lifting devices are now available which can be operated from a safe place, so that there is no need to gain access along, or on the work piece being lifted.
在安全的地方移动/释放起吊设备，从而无需沿正在被起吊的工件进入。
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? Providing adequate protection if access is necessary; this may include guardrails fitted to the top flange prior to lifting, ladders, mobile access platforms, safety belts/harnesses, nets and inertia reels.
如果必须接近起吊的设备，则应提供充分的保护；例如，在起吊前在顶部边缘安装护栏、梯子、移动工作平台、 安全带/全身性的护具、网和惯性卷筒等。
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5. Man Riding in Skips and Cradles 吊桶和吊篮的使用
5.1 When a crane is used to support a man-riding skip or bucket, a dead man?s handle must be fitted. When skips are used as working platforms, leaving the skip at height shall not be permitted or attempted unless a safety harness and inertia reel are used, secured to the skip or a suitable structure.
使用起重机提升吊桶或吊篮时，必须安装固定把手。当吊桶用作工作平台时，不允许让吊桶留在高空，除非有安全带和惯性缆绳固定在吊桶或合适的结构上。
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5.2 All lifting appliances and man riding equipment shall have clearly marked with:
所有起重器具和载人设备应清楚地注明：
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? Safe Working Load 安全载重量
? Date of last Test 最后一次测试日期。
5.3 No unit shall be used unless it has a valid test certificate.
不可以使用任何没有有效测试证书的机组。
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5.4 The skip or cradle must be of sound design and construction, of suitable material and of adequate strength and must be properly maintained.
吊桶或吊篮必须设计可靠，安装良好，材料合适，具有足够的强度，而且必须加以适当维护。
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5.5 It must be so designed so that no one can fall out, and there must be means to prevent him or her spinning or turning.
吊桶或吊篮的设计应保证人员不会掉出来，必须有措施防止人员在吊桶或吊篮里面旋转或翻转。
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5.6 It must be a least 1100mm deep and only installed under the supervision of a competent person.
吊篮（吊桶）深度至少应为1100mm，必须在合格人员监督下安装。
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6. Work from Scaffolds 脚手架作业
6.1 Where scaffold access has been provided, it shall only be used for which it has been designed and constructed. The scaffold shall only be used when the appropriate Scaffold Inspection Tag is attached.
使用脚手架时应遵循有关的设计和建造要求。脚手架只有经过检查并贴上合格标签后才能使用。
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10. Fall Arrest 坠落防护
10.1 Assessment 评估
10.1.1 NTCC requires suitable and sufficient steps to be taken to prevent persons from falling. Requirements are given where a person is liable to fall 1.8m or more requires that suitable and effective measures be taken to prevent any person falling a distance likely to cause personal injury.
南通***要求采取适当而充分的措施，防止人员坠落。当人员可能从1.8米以上高空坠落时，必须采取合适而有效的措施，防止坠落对人员造成伤害。
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10.1.2 The discipline construction team shall adopt effective measures to prevent personnel form slipping when working at heights, due to the cold weather and the freezing of raining or accumulated snow. All accumulation of water, ice, frost and snow shall be removed from any elevated work surface when it presents a hazard to employees working at heights.
专业施工承包班组必须采取有效措施，防止人员在进行高空作业时由于寒冷的天气、下雨后的结冰或积雪而滑倒。对雇员高空作业构成危险的所有的积水、冰、霜、雪均应及时清除。
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10.1.3 A lightning rod or other similar suitable grounding device shall be installed to ground the structure before working at height can be started. Personal are forbidden to work at heights when the environmental conditions present a hazard such as severe fog and strong winds above Level Six.
在高处作业开始以前，应事先设置避雷设施或其它相似的接地装置。遇有六级以上强风、浓雾等恶劣气候不得进行高处作业。
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10.1.4 Following any period of poor weather conditions such as a snowstorm, typhoon or heavy rain, the equipment associated with working at heights shall be thoroughly inspected before resuming the work.
暴风雪及台风暴雨后，应对高处作业安全设施进行全面检查，发现损坏应立即修理完善。
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10.5 Retractable Type Fall Arresters 收缩式坠落制动器
Vertical travel, e.g. on tower ladders, can be protected by vertical lifelines. A sliding device moves up and down a rail or rope in response to climbing movements, but locks in response to the sudden jerk of a fall.
垂直方向（例如在塔梯上）工作时，可采用垂直救生索对人员进行保护。当工作人员攀登时，滑动装置沿着轨道或绳索上下移动，当人员意外坠落时，滑动装置会锁住。
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10.6 Anchorage Points 锚固点
Cover eyebolts, mobile eyebolts, tripods, roof anchors, and deadweight anchors for use with fall-arrest equipment. It is important to ensure that the anchorage point can withstand the forces applied in a fall with an adequate safety factor. It is important to ensure that, where possible, the point is positioned above the worker to minimise the falling distance, and that sufficient space exists beneath the worker so that the length of the fall does not exceed that which is available on site.
包括有眼螺栓、活动式有眼螺栓、三脚架、屋顶锚固件和重负载锚件等，用于坠落制动设备。保证锚固点能经得住坠落时施加的力并具有足够的安全系数，这一点是非常重要的。另外必须保证，尽可能的将锚固点设置在工人的上方，最大限度的降低坠落的距离，另外在工人的下面保持足够的空间，使坠落长度不超过现场允许的长度。
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11.2 Deceleration Device 减速装置
A deceleration device shall be interpreted as meaning any mechanism, such as a rope grab, rip-stitch lanyard, specially-woven lanyard, tearing or deforming lanyards, automatic self-retracting lifelines/lanyards, etc., which serves to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest, or otherwise limit the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest.
减速装置应解释为任何机构，例如绳索夹钳、扯缝索、特殊的编结索、抗撕磨索，自动的自收缩救生索/系索等等，这些机构在坠落制动期间用来消散能量，或限制施加于雇员身上的能量。
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11.3 Engineered Anchor Point 工程锚固点
An engineered anchor point shall be interpreted as meaning a fixed location, designed and inspected by a structural engineer (or equivalent) for the purpose of connecting a safety lanyard to prevent falls.
工程锚固点应解释为一个固定位置，该位置由结构工程师（或相当的人员）设计并检查，用于连接安全系索，防止坠落。
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11.4 Field Tie-Off Point 现场系挂点
A field tie-off point shall be interpreted as meaning any fixed point capable of supporting 10 kn of force, used for the attachment of a safety lanyard. Field tie-off points could be pipes larger than 300mm inches in diameter and structural beams. Conduit, regardless of size, shall never be used as a tie-off point.
现场系挂点应解释为用于连接安全绳索，能支持10 kn力的任何固定点。 现场系挂点可以是直径大于300mm的管道，及结构梁等。任何导管，无论尺寸多大，都不能用作系挂点。
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11.5 Guardrail System 护栏系统
Guardrail system shall be interpreted as meaning a barrier erected to prevent employees from falling to lower levels.
护栏系统应解释为一种栅栏，目的是防止雇员坠落到更低的位置。
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11.6 Harness 保险带
A harness shall be interpreted as meaning a webbed device which is secured about the body in a manner that will distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest and shoulders with the means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system. Also known as a body harness or safety harness.
保险带应解释为一种网状结构的设备，它对人体是安全的，它使下坠力分布在大腿、骨盆、腰部、胸部和肩部，保险带连接到人员坠落制动系统的其它部件上。也称为人体保险带或安全保险带。
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11.7 Personal Fall Arrest System 人员高空坠落制动系统
Personal fall Arrest system means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combination of these.
人员高空坠落制动系统指的是用于防止雇员从高处坠落的系统。它由锚固件、连接器、人体保险带组成，也可以包括绳索、减速装置、救生索，或这些器具的适当组合。
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11.8 Positioning Belt or Positioning Device 定位带或定位装置
A positioning belt or positioning device shall be interpreted as meaning any system rigged to allow an employee to be supported on an elevated vertical surface, such as a wall, and work with both hands free while leaning. Not to be misconstrued as a safety belt.
定位带或定位装置应解释为指任何悬挂系统，使雇员支持在一个高空垂直表面，例如墙壁，并且手臂可以自由工作。切勿误解为安全带。
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11.9 Safety Belt 安全腰带
A safety belt is a single webbed or leather belt constructed with one or more “D” rings built into the back or on the sides. Safety belts are not to be used on BTSS projects.
安全腰带是一个单根的化纤编制带或皮带，在背部或侧部装有一个或多个“D”形环。这种安全腰带不能用于BTSS 项目。
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11.10 Safety Lanyard 安全系索
Safety lanyard means a flexible line of rope, wire rope, or strap, which generally has a connector at each end for securely attaching the body belt or body harness to ?a deceleration device, lifeline, or anchorage.
安全系索指一个柔性的绳索、钢索或带状绳索，通常在每端有一个连接器，将人体绳索或人体保险带牢固地连接到减速装置、救生索或锚固件上。
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11.11 Self-Retractable Lifeline/Lanyard
自收缩式救生索/系索
A Self-Retractable Lifeline/Lanyard shall be interpreted as meaning a deceleration device (see above) containing a drum-wound line which can be slowly extracted from, or retracted onto, the drum under slight tension during normal employee movement, and which, after onset of a fall, automatically locks the drum and arrests the fall.
自收缩式救生索/系索应解释为指一个含有鼓状绕线的减速装置（见上），在雇员正常移动期间，它可在轻微的张力下从鼓状物缓慢地抽出，或缩回到鼓状物上；在坠落开始后，它可自动地锁住鼓状物并对坠落进行制动。
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11.12 Static Line 固定绳
A static line is an engineered device, typically a cable that is strung from two points to provide an anchor point for a fall arrest system. The static line is used to allow safe travel from one point to another. Static lines, unless otherwise noted, are designed for single employee use only.
固定绳是一种象电缆一样的工程装置，它固定在两个点上，为坠落制动系统提供一个锚固点。固定绳可以使人员安全地从从一个点移动到另一个点。除非另有说明，固定绳仅设计用于单一的雇员。
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11.13 Toe board 踢脚板
Toe board means a low protective barrier that will prevent the fall of materials and equipment to lower levels and provide protection from falls for personnel.
踢脚板指的是一种低的保护栅栏，防止材料和设备跌落到较低的平面，并对人员坠落提供保护。
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11.14 Unprotected Sides and Edges 无保护的侧面和边缘
Unprotected sides and edges mean any side or edge (except at entrances to points of access) of a walking/working surface, e.g., floor, roof, ramp, or runway where there is no wall or guardrail system.
无保护的侧面和边缘指的是没有墙或护栏系统的步行/步行表面（例如楼面、屋顶、斜面或通道）的任何侧面或边缘（除了到出入点的入口之外）。
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11.15 Walking/Working Surface 步行/工作表面
Walking/working surface means any surface, whether horizontal or vertical on which an employee walks or works, including, but not limited to, floors, roofs, ramps, bridges, runways, formwork and concrete reinforcing steel but not including ladders, vehicles, or trailers, on which employees must be located in order to perform their job duties.
步行/工作表面指的是雇员步行或进行工作的任何表面，无论水平的还是垂直的，包括但不限于楼面、屋顶、斜坡、桥梁、通道、模板和钢筋混凝土，但不包括梯子、车辆或拖车，雇员必须在上面执行工作任务。
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12. Procedure 程序
12.1 Minimum Requirements For Fall Protection Equipment
高空坠落保护设备的最低要求
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12.1.1 Anchorage Point – Construction 锚固点—建筑结构
Anchorage used for the attachment of personal fall arrest equipment shall be independent of any anchorage point being used to support or suspend platforms. The anchorage point must be capable of supporting at least 1000 kg shock loading per employee attached.
用于固定个人坠落制动装置的锚定点必须是独立的，不同于支持平台或悬吊平台的锚定点。前者必须至少支持1000公斤的冲击负荷（每点附着一人）。
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12.1.2 Anchorage Point - Steel Erection 锚固点—钢结构
Anchorage points used for the attachment of personal fall arrest equipment during steel erection shall be capable of supporting a minimum 1000 kg shock loading
钢结构安装期间，用于固定个人坠落制动装置的锚定点应能承受最低1000公斤的冲击负荷。
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12.1.3 Lanyard and Harness 系索及保险带
12.1.3.1 Webbing used in lanyards, lifelines, and strength components of body harnesses shall be made from synthetic fibers.
制作系索用的带子、救生索及保险带的受力部件均采用合成纤维材料。
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12.1.3.2 Lanyards shall have a maximum length that will limit a fall to no greater than 1.8m. The lanyard shall have a minimum nominal breaking strength of 2272 kg. Lanyards shall be protected against being cut or abraded. Cut or abraded lanyards shall be removed from service and discarded. Personal fall arrest system components shall never be used for hoisting materials.
系索的最大长度应限制跌落不超过1.8米。系索的额定断裂强度至少应为2272公斤。系索应防止切割或磨损。切割或磨损的系索应停止使用并抛弃。个人坠落制动系统的部件不能用来起吊材料。
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12.1.3.2 Connectors shall be drop forged, pressed, or formed steel or made of equivalent materials. Connectors shall have a corrosion resistant finish and all surfaces and edges shall be smooth to prevent damage to interfacing parts of the system.
连结器应锻造、压制，或采用成型钢或相当的材料制成。连接器应有防锈蚀保护层，各个层面及边缘均应保持光滑，防止接触部件之间产生损害。
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12.1.3.3 Dee-rings and snap hooks shall have a minimum tensile strength of 2272 kg. Snap hooks shall be of the double locking (double locking) snap hooks as part of personal fall arrest systems and positioning device systems is prohibited).
吊环和弹簧扣必须承受至少2272公斤的张力。弹簧扣应为双锁紧式弹簧扣，作为个人坠落制动系统的一部分，固定式锁紧系统禁止使用。
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12.1.4 Self-Retractable Equipment 自收缩式设备
12.1.4.1 Self-retractable lanyards, which automatically limit free fall distance to two feet (2’) or less, shall be capable of sustaining a minimum tensile load of 3,000 pounds (fully extended).
可以将自由坠落距离自动限制在0.6米以下的自收缩式系索，必须承受至少1350公斤的张力负荷（全部拉伸）。
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12.1.4.2 Self-retractable lanyards, which do not limit free fall distance to two feet (2’) or less, such as rip stitch lanyards, and tearing and deforming lanyards shall be capable of sustaining a minimum tensile load of 2272 kg pounds (fully extended).
不能将自由坠落距离限制在0.6米以下的自收缩式系索，例如裂口缝合式系索及撕裂和变形式的收紧索，必须承受至少2272公斤的张力负荷（全部拉伸）。
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12.1.5 Special Warnings 特别警告
Rip stitch or other “shock absorbing” lanyards shall not be used with self-retractable lanyards.
裂口缝合式或其它“冲击吸收式”系索不能与自收缩式系带一并使用。
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12.2 Pre-use/Daily Wear Inspections and Cleaning 使用前/日常磨损检查与清洁
12.2.1 Pre-use Check 使用前的检查
Each employee shall, prior to the commencement of the work, inspect all parts of his or her personal fall arrest system. The employee shall inspect all snaps, eyelets, fasteners, webbing, connectors, stitching, and fabric for flaws, damage and wear. Equipment found to be defective should not be used.
每个工人在工作开始前应对其个人坠落制动系统的所有部件进行检查。应检查每个弹簧扣、线环、紧固件、背带、连结器、榫头以及织物等，确认是否受损/磨损。发现有缺陷的设备不应使用。
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12.2.2 Daily Wear Re-checks 日常磨损再检查
Each employee shall, during the duration of the work, inspect all parts of his or her personal fall arrest system. Equipment found to be defective should not be used.
每一工人在工作过程中均应检查其坠落制动装置。如发现设备有缺陷则不应使用。
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12.2.3 Maintenance and Cleaning 保养和清洁
The personal fall arrest system shall be cleaned as necessary with mild detergent and warm water. Rough abrasives and/or solvents shall not be used for cleaning or maintenance of any system part.
根据需要，使用中性洗涤剂和温水对坠落制动装置进行清洁。不能用粗糙的研磨料或溶剂清洗或保养系统的任何部件。
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12.3 In-service Loading or Shocking 工作中的荷载和震动
Personal fall arrest system equipment shall be used for employee safeguarding only. When any part of the personal fall arrest system is subject to loading or shocking (the result of using the system to arrest a fall or bear the weight of the wearer) the system shall be removed from service. The system shall be tagged “Do Not Use” and placed in an area where it shall not be redistributed for use.
人员高空坠落制动系统/设备只能用于雇员的安全保护。当人员高空坠落制动系统的任一部分用于承载或遭受震动时（使用该系统阻止高空坠落的人员或承载工作人员的重量），此系统将被搬离工作现场。此系统应被挂上“切勿使用”的标签，并放在不会被重新使用的地方。
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12.4 Personal Fall Arrest System Use 个人坠落制动系统的使用
12.4.1 Minimum Requirements 最低要求
Every employee, working on an elevated surface at a height greater than 1.8m that is not a green tagged scaffold or permanent refinery platform, shall be securely fastened to an appropriate anchor point or field tie-off point by a personal fall arrest system at all times. This applies to all personnel entering the BAYER Project controlled areas.
对于每个雇员，当他在1.8米以上的高空作业时，如果没有使用贴绿色标签的脚手架或者永久的精制平台，则必须采用人身坠落制动系统，使该雇员一直牢固地系在一个合适的锚接点或现场系挂点上。这个适用于进入拜耳工程控制区域的所有人员。
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12.4.2 Transferring to Another Anchor point or field tie-off point
转移到另外一个锚接点或现场系挂点上
A safety lanyard shall be connected to an appropriate anchor point or field tie-off point at all times when transferring the personal fall arrest system to another anchor point or field tie-off point. Two safety lanyards are required to complete this process in the prescribed manner unless special devices specifically engineered for 100% tie-off are in place.
如果要将个人高空坠落防护系统转移到另外的锚接点或现场系挂点，必须将安全系索始终连结到一个合适的锚接点或现场系挂点上。除非配备专门设计的用于100%连结的特种设备，否则完成上述过程需要二根安全系索。
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